Encyclopedia of Chemical Raw Materials--What are the types of chemical raw materials?

1. Chemical raw materials can generally be divided into two categories: organic chemical raw materials and inorganic chemical raw materials according to their material sources.

(1) Organic chemical raw materials

Can be divided into alkanes and their derivatives, alkenes and their derivatives, alkynes and their derivatives, quinones, aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, phenols, ethers, anhydrides, esters, organic acids, carboxylic acids Salts, carbohydrates, heterocyclics, nitriles, halogenated types, amino amides, etc.

(2) Inorganic chemical raw materials

The main raw materials of inorganic chemical products are chemical minerals containing sulfur, sodium, phosphorus, potassium, calcium (see inorganic salt industry) and coal, oil, natural gas, air, water, etc. In addition, by-products and wastes from many industrial sectors are also raw materials for inorganic chemicals, such as coke oven gas in the coking production process in the steel industry. The ammonia contained in it can be recovered with sulfuric acid to produce ammonium sulfate, chalcopyrite, and galena. The sulfur dioxide in the smelting waste gas of mines and sphalerite can be used to produce sulfuric acid, etc.

2. According to the production process, it can be divided into starting raw materials, basic raw materials and intermediate raw materials.

(1) Starting materials

Starting raw materials are the raw materials required in the first step of chemical production, such as air, water, fossil fuels (i.e. coal, oil, natural gas, etc.), sea salt, various minerals, agricultural products (such as starch-containing grains or wild plants, Cellulose wood, bamboo, reed, straw, etc.).

(2)Basic raw materials

Basic raw materials are obtained by processing starting materials, such as calcium carbide and various organic and inorganic raw materials listed above.

(3)Intermediate raw materials

Intermediate raw materials are also called intermediates. They generally refer to products produced from basic raw materials in complex organic chemical production, but they are not yet products for final application and require further processing. For example, various organic compounds used in the production of dyes, plastics and pharmaceuticals: methanol, acetone, vinyl chloride, etc.