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Encyclopedia of Chemical Raw Materials--Ndedzipi marudzi emakemikari mbishi zvinhu?
2024-05-10
1. Kemikari raw materials inogona kazhinji kukamurwa kuita mapoka maviri: organic chemical raw materials uye inorganic chemical raw materials zvichienderana nezvaanobva.
(1) Organic chemical raw materials
Inogona kukamurwa kuita alkanes uye zvinobva kwavari, alkenes uye zvinobva kwavari, alkynes uye zvinobva kwavari, quinones, aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, phenols, ethers, anhydrides, esters, organic acids, carboxylic acids Salts, carbohydrates, heterocyclics, aminomides, etc.
(2) Inorganic chemical raw materials
Izvo zvakakosha zvezvigadzirwa zvemakemikari emakemikari zvicherwa zvine sulfure, sodium, phosphorus, potassium, calcium (ona inorganic salt industry) uye marasha, mafuta, gasi rechisikigo, mhepo, mvura, etc. Mukuwedzera, by-zvigadzirwa uye tsvina kubva kumaindasitiri akawanda emaindasitiri zvakare zvinhu zvakasvibirira zvemakemikari inorganic, senge coke oven gasi mukugadzira coking process muindasitiri yesimbi. Iyo ammonia irimo inogona kudzoserwa ne sulfuric acid kugadzira ammonium sulfate, chalcopyrite, uye galena. Iyo sulfur dioxide mune inonyungudutsa tsvina gasi yemigodhi uye sphalerite inogona kushandiswa kugadzira sulfuric acid, nezvimwe.
2. Zvinoenderana nemaitiro ekugadzira, inogona kukamurwa kuita yekutanga mbishi, yekutanga mbishi zvinhu uye zvepakati mbishi.
(1) Zvinhu zvokutanga
Kutanga zvinhu zvakasvibirira zvinodikanwa padanho rekutanga rekugadzirwa kwemakemikari, senge mhepo, mvura, fossil mafuta (kureva marasha, mafuta, gasi rechisikigo, nezvimwewo), munyu wegungwa, zvicherwa zvakasiyana-siyana, zvigadzirwa zvekurima (senge zviyo zvine starch kana miti yemusango, Cellulose huni, bamboo, tsanga, mashanga, nezvimwewo).
(2)Basic mbishi
Zvigadzirwa zvekutanga zvinowanikwa nekugadzirisa zvinhu zvekutanga, senge calcium carbide uye akasiyana organic uye inorganic mbishi zvinhu zvakanyorwa pamusoro.
(3)Ipakati mbishi zvinhu
Pakati pepakati mbishi zvinhu zvinonziwo zvepakati. Ivo vanowanzo tarisa kune zvigadzirwa zvinogadzirwa kubva kune zvakakosha zvigadzirwa mune yakaoma organic makemikari kugadzirwa, asi hazvisati zvave zvigadzirwa zvekupedzisira kushandiswa uye zvinoda kumwe kugadziridzwa. Semuenzaniso, akasiyana organic komisheni anoshandiswa mukugadzira dhayi, mapurasitiki nemishonga: methanol, acetone, vinyl chloride, nezvimwe.